PURIK by Shakila Naz
Endangered Language
An endangered language is
a language that is at risk of falling out of use as its speakers die
out or shift to speaking another language. There are according to the UNESCO’s
report, more than 200 languages will be extinct soon from the world. Among
other world languages, around 27 Pakistani languages including Brahvi,
Balti, Mayan, Purik, Batairi, Phalor, Kalasha, Domaki, Jad, Kati, Khawar,
Kundal Shahi, Marri, Wakhi, Chalaiso, Sapti and Rangsakari are facing serious
threat to be extinct.
Here I
will give a brief description of one of the Pakistani endangered language, i.e.
Purik.
Purik
language
The Burig,
or Purik, is a language
spoken by purik people; a group
of Tibetan Muslims with a slight Dardic mixture.
Alternative
names:
Purik is also
known as Purigskad, Burig, Purig,
Purki, Purik Bhotia, Burigskat, Bhōṭiā of Purik.
Classification:
Population:
According to
the census of 2001 the population of purik speakers is 37,700.
Location:
North Jammu
and Kashmir, Kargil district, mainly Suru valley; Dras valley, some in western
Himalayas
Dialects:
None known.
Reportedly similar to Balti
Language
use:
Dominant
language in Kargil District. Many Purik have shifted to Balti [bft]. Low proficiency in Urdu [urd]. Used as L2 by Balti [bft], Shina [scl].
Other
information:
Purik live south of the Balti in Ladakh.
Most of them live in Ladakh and Baltistan,
especially in kargil, although
significant numbers reside in Leh.
A considerable number of Puriks are also present in China.
Unlike the Dards and the Shina, the Burig are not nomads. They
transfer their livestock from one grazing ground to another upon the arrival of
autumn. During the summer months, they drive the cattle to alpine pastures, and
all households own at least one female dzo,
which is a cross between a cow and a yak. These animals
produce milk.
Most of them are Shia Muslims
by religion, although significant Sunni
Muslims and a small minority of
Buddist and Bon followers
reside in isolated areas. Like the Balti, they speak an archaic Tibetan dialect
closely related to Balti and Ladakhi, though not easily intelligible with either.
Purik in the language cloud
The Expanded Graded Intergenerational
Disruption Scale (EGIDS) level for this language in its primary country is 5
(Developing) — The language is in vigorous use, with literature in a
standardized form being used by some though this is not yet widespread or sustainable.
This graph shows the place of Purik within the cloud of all living
languages. Each language in the world is represented by a small dot that is
placed on the grid in relation to its population (in the vertical axis) and its
level of development or endangerment (in the horizontal axis), with the largest
and strongest languages in the upper left and the smallest and weakest
languages (down to extinction) in the lower right. The population value is the
estimated number of first language (L1) speakers; it is plotted on a
logarithmic scale (where 100 = 1; 102 = 100; 104 = 10,000; 106 = 1,000,000; 108 = 100,000,000). The value for the
development versus endangerment dimension is the estimated level on the EGIDS
scale. (See the pages on Development and Endangerment for a fuller explanation.)
Purik is represented by a large,
colored dot. When the population is unknown, a color-coded question mark
appears at the bottom of the grid. When there are no known L1 speakers, an X
appears at the bottom of the grid. The color coding matches the color scheme
used in the summary profile graphs on the navigation maps for the site. In this
scheme, the EGIDS levels are grouped as follows:
·
Purple
= Institutional (EGIDS 0-4) — The language has been developed to the point that
it is used and sustained by institutions beyond the home and community.
·
Blue =
Developing (EGIDS 5) —
The language is in vigorous use, with literature in a standardized form being
used by some though this is not yet widespread or sustainable.
·
Green
= Vigorous (EGIDS 6a) — The language is unstandardized and in vigorous use
among all generations.
·
Yellow
= In trouble (EGIDS 6b-7) — Intergenerational transmission is in the process of
being broken, but the child-bearing generation can still use the language so it
is possible that revitalization efforts could restore transmission of the
language in the home.
·
Red
= Dying (EGIDS 8a-9) — The only fluent users (if any) are older than
child-bearing age, so it is too late to restore natural intergenerational
transmission through the home; a mechanism outside the home would need to be
developed.
·
Black
= Extinct (EGIDS 10) — The language has fallen completely out of use and no one
retains a sense of ethnic identity associated with the language.
The EGIDS level indicated by the
large, colored dot may be higher than the EGIDS level reported in the main
entry for the language. This is because a separate EGIDS estimate is made for
every country in which a language is used. Our method for calculating the EGIDS
level for the language as a whole is not to take an average of all countries,
but to report the highest level (that is, most safe) for any country. The logic
here is that if the EGIDS level of a language is taken as a predictor of its
likely longevity, then its longevity will be determined by where it is the
strongest.
References:
www.Pakistan.com/map+of+jammu+and+kashmir
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